What is the Full Stack Equivalent of Systems Programming?

Web development has popularized the concept of a “full stack developer”—someone who is comfortable working on every part of an application, from the user-facing front-end to the server-side back-end and the database it connects to, with a holistic view of the entire web stack. But what is the equivalent of “full stack” in the world of systems programming? Redefining the “Stack” To answer this, we need to first identify what constitutes the “stack” in systems programming: ...

August 1, 2025 · 3 min · 568 words · Li Cao

Summer of Computer Systems and More

Due to the restriction that we need at least two consecutive semesters of study in order to intern in the US, I didn’t apply for any summer internship. Employment at school is exempted, and I am fortunate to be an RA at CMU Tepper BLA lab this summer. It involves using graph theory to analyze financial statements. More details can be found here. I am also currently working with a PhD student at Safe AI Lab to do research in the area of Robotics. ...

July 20, 2025 · 4 min · 787 words · Li Cao